Keywords
health
materials
Abstract
This review examines explainable models for gene-expression and material-design networks through an evidence-centered design lens. The analysis asks which explanation supports a testable mechanism. It treats the relevant unit as a complete pathway from data or physical observations to representation, model output, human interpretation, and accountable action. The cited literature is synthesized without inventing experiments or unreported performance values. Particular attention is given to feature importance being mistaken for biological or physical causation. The review argues that credible translation requires explicit evidence boundaries, uncertainty-aware evaluation, author-visible traceability, and a documented route for intervention. The resulting framework supports scientific model review while distinguishing component promise from system readiness.
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