Abstract
Research spanning AI educational assessment and football pool forecasting increasingly joins methods that were developed for different objects and decisions. Here, AI-based student-performance prediction as a case study in educational assessment is compared with a football-lottery playing method that converts match judgments into ticket combinations to determine which claims can travel across those boundaries and which remain context dependent. Two target papers are triangulated against 12 locally validated publications. The comparison follows construct validity, data drift, fairness, explainability, teacher oversight and deliberately separates mechanistic interpretation from performance ranking, because the latter can conceal incompatible experimental or operational conditions. The synthesis shows that construct validity cannot be interpreted independently of data drift, while fairness determines whether an apparent improvement remains meaningful outside the original setting. The strongest claims are therefore those that expose sensitivity, failure conditions, and residual uncertainty. On this basis, the review proposes an auditable pathway from focal mechanism to application claim, with explicit checkpoints for calibration, external validity, and responsible interpretation.
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