Abstract
This review examines multimodal biomedical and environmental evidence under domain shift through an evidence-centered design lens. The analysis asks how temporal and molecular signals should be validated. It treats the relevant unit as a complete pathway from data or physical observations to representation, model output, human interpretation, and accountable action. The cited literature is synthesized without inventing experiments or unreported performance values. Particular attention is given to data leakage and unstable cross-domain adaptation. The review argues that credible translation requires explicit evidence boundaries, uncertainty-aware evaluation, author-visible traceability, and a documented route for intervention. The resulting framework supports health and exposure research while distinguishing component promise from system readiness.
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