Keywords
urban sub-centers
Abstract
Urban health and risk modeling requires attention to cross-scale dynamics, agglomeration heterogeneity, infrastructure distribution, and evidence-based governance. This topic connects urban sub-center analysis with integrated urban systems science and AI-enabled financial risk assessment. Urban sub-centers influence access to services, labor markets, mobility patterns, and economic concentration, while cross-scale urban systems science provides a framework for linking neighborhood, metropolitan, and regional dynamics. Financial fraud risk modeling contributes methods for structured risk assessment and explainable AI, which can be adapted to urban governance contexts involving resource allocation, infrastructure risk, and public service monitoring. Hyperspectral-LiDAR fusion adds a remote sensing perspective for observing urban form and environmental variation. This literature structure supports integrated urban analytics that connect spatial structure, economic behavior, governance systems, and risk intelligence.
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