Simplified Slope-Stability Models Under Dam-Break Loading

Abstract

This evidence synthesis examines rapid geotechnical screening in soil-rock mixed slopes exposed to short-duration dam-break floods. It argues that the appropriate object of evaluation is the chain connecting boundary conditions, material state, experiment or simulation, reduced representation, and engineering decision, not a model score in isolation. The review brings together the assigned studies with established work on uncertainty, robustness, provenance, and governance. Across these literatures, a common problem emerges: a simplified or learned representation can look accurate while omitting the physical regime that determines transfer. The proposed framework separates evidence quality, model behavior, decision policy, and operational monitoring, then asks how each layer changes under distribution shift, adversarial pressure, or incomplete information. It recommends evaluation by slices and repeated trials, explicit reject and escalation policies, preservation of data and reasoning lineage, and prospective monitoring tied to defined actions. The result is a research agenda for systems that are efficient enough to use but also bounded enough to audit. No new experiment is claimed; the article develops a comparative conceptual model and identifies tests that would make future empirical claims more credible.